Science of the Infrared rays

10. The main materials Specific gravity,specific heat and thermal conductivity

Thermal properties of various substances

Material-Metal Reference
temperature
[℃]		 Density
[g/cm3]		 Specific
heat
[J/g ℃]		 Thermal
conductivity
[W/m K]
Zinc 20 7.13 0.383 113
Aluminum 20 2.7 0.9 204
Aluminum oxide 20 3.9 0.875 30
Duralumin 20 2.79 0.84 164
Antimony 20 6.62 0.205 19
Cadmium 20 8.65 0.23 93
Gold 20 19.32 0.13 295
Silver 20 10.49 0.234 418
Tin 20 7.29 0.226 64
Bismuth 20 9.8 0.142 8
Tungsten 20 19.3 0.134 198
Titanium 20 4.54 0.528 17
Pure iron 20 7.87 0.461 67
Cast iron 20 7.28 0.461 48
Carbon steel (0.5C or less) 20 7.83 0.461 53
Carbon steel (1C) 20 7.8 0.461 45
Carbon steel (1.5C) 20 7.75 0.461 36
Chrome steel (1Cr) 20 7.87 0.461 60
Chrome steel (2Cr) 20 7.87 0.461 52
Chrome steel (5Cr) 20 7.83 0.461 38
Chrome steel (10Cr) 20 7.79 0.461 31
Chrome steel (23Cr) 20 7.68 0.461 22
Nickel steel (10Ni) 20 7.95 0.461 26
Nickel steel (20Ni) 20 7.99 0.461 19
Nickel steel (30Ni) 20 8.07 0.461 12
Nickel steel (40Ni) 20 8.17 0.461 10
Nickel steel (50Ni) 20 8.27 0.461 14
Chromium nickel steel 18Cr 8Ni 20 7.82 0.502 16
Chromium nickel steel 20Cr 15Ni 20 7.85 0.47 15
Chromium nickel steel 25Cr 20Ni 20 7.86 0.463 13
Nickel-chromium alloy 40Ni 15CrNi 20 8.07 0.461 12
Nickel-chromium alloy 80Ni 15CrNi 20 8.52 0.461 17
Silicon steel 1Si 20 7.77 0.461 42
Silicon steel 2Si 20 7.67 0.461 31
Silicon steel 5Si 20 7.42 0.461 19
Tungsten steel 1W 20 7.88 0.448 66
Tungsten steel 2W 20 7.96 0.444 63
Tungsten steel 5W 20 8.07 0.435 53
Manganese steel 1Mn 20 7.87 0.461 53
Manganese steel 2Mn 20 7.85 0.461 38
Manganese steel 10Mn 20 7.81 0.461 17
Pure copper 20 8.96 0.385 386
Copper (standard products) 20 8.9 0.419 372
Aluminum bronze 5Al 20 8.67 0.41 83
Gunmetal 10Sn 2Zn 20 0.381 48
Brass (red) 9Sn 6Zn 20 8.71 0.385 60
Seventy-three brass 30Zn 20 8.56 0.385 99
Naval brass 39.25Zn 0.75Sn 20 8.41 0.377 117
Manganin 12Mn 4Ni 20 8.15 1.72 22
German silver 15Ni 22Zn 20 8.62 0.394 29
Constantin 40Ni 20 8.92 0.41 23
Sodium 20 0.97 1.24 134
Lead 20 11.34 0.13 35
Solder (50Sn) 20 9 0.176 49
Nickel 99.9% 20 8.9 0.44 90
Nickel 99.2% 20 8.9 0.44 59
Alumel 2Al 2Mg 1Si 100 8.15 29.7
Chromel A 80Ni 20Cr 100 8.3 0.444 13.8
Monel metal 20 8.8 0.532 26
Platinum 0 21.45 0.134 70
Platinum iridium 90Pt 10Ir 0 21.62 30.8
Magnesium 20 1.74 1.03 159
Molybdenum 20 10.2 0.255 147
Uranium 20 18.7 0.117 29
Plutonium 20 19.8 0.134 0.1
Thorium 20 11.6 0.142 38
Zirconium 20 6.5 0.301 14.4
Carbon 20 2.2 0.691 23.9
Boron 20 2.33 1.29 27.4
Arsenic 20 5.73 0.328 51
Gallium arsenide 20 5.37 0.325 48
Tellurium 20 6.24 0.226 1.97 – 3.38
Beryllium 20 18.477 2.18 159.1
Indium 20 7.3 0.239 23.86
Niobium 20 8.66 0.272 58
Chromium 20 7.1 0.419 66.9
Cobalt 20 8.8 0.431 70
Germanium 0 5.36 0.306 60
Iridium 20 22.41 0.134 59
Manganese 0 7.39 0.51 43
Palladium 20 11.4 0.247 70
Potassium 0 0.862 0.723 99.2
Selenium (single crystal) 20 4.81 0.352 4.52
Silicon 20 2.33 0.678 83.7
Calcium 20 1.55 0.624 106
Cadmium 20 8.65 0.229 93

 

Material-Resin Reference
temperature
[℃]		 Density
[g/cm3]		 Specific
heat
[J/g ℃]		 Thermal
conductivity
[W/m K]
Styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene ABS 20 0.99-1.15 1.38-1.67 0.19-0.36
Epoxy EP 20 1.85 1.1 0.3
Tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer ETFE 20 1.7 1.93 0.25
Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer FEP 20 2.12-2.17 1.17 0.25
Polyamide (nylon 6) PA 20 1.12-1.14 1.59 0.25
Polybutylene terephthalate PBTP 20 1.52-1.67 1.67-1.76 0.25
Polycarbonate PC 20 1.2 1.26 0.19
Polyethylene (low density) LDPE 20 0.91-0.93 2.3 0.33
Polyethylene (high density) HDPE 20 0.94-0.96 2.3 0.46-0.50
Polyether ether ketone PEEK 20 1.30-1.52 1.34 0.26
Polyether sulfone PESF 20 1.37-1.52 1.09 0.18-0.24
Polyethylene terephthalate PETP 20 1.47-1.67 1.26 0.31
Phenolic PF 20 1.25-1.30 1.57-1.76 0.13-0.25
Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer PFA 20 2.12-2.17 1.05 0.25
Polyimide PI 20 1.4 1.13 0.28-0.34
Polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) PMMA 20 1.17-1.20 1.47 0.17-0.25
Polyacetal (DURACON) POM 20 1.41 1.47 0.23
Polypropylene PP 20 0.90-0.91 1.93 0.125
Polyphenylene sulfide PPE 20 1.34-1.6 1.09 0.29
Polystyrene PS 20 1.04-1.07 1.34 0.10-0.14
Polysulfone PSF 20 1.24-1.45 1.13 0.12-0.16
Tetrafluoroethylene PTFE 20 2.14-2.20 1.05 0.25
Polyvinyl chloride (hard) PVC 20 1.35-1.45 0.84-1.17 0.13-0.29
Polyvinyl chloride (soft) PVC 20 1.16-1.35 1.26-2.09 0.13-0.17
Silicone SI 20 2.2 1.2-1.4 0.15-0.17

 

Material-Rubber Reference
temperature
[℃]		 Density
[g/cm3]		 Specific
heat
[J/g ℃]		 Thermal
conductivity
[W/m K]
Natural rubber 20 0.91 1.9 0.13
Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPDM) 20 0.86 2.2 0.36
Chloroprene rubber (CR) 20 1.23 2.2 0.25
Butyl rubber (IIR) 20 0.91-0.93 1.8-1.9 0.13
Polyurethane rubber 20 1.05-1.31 1.9 0.12-0.18
Silicone rubber 20 0.97 1.6 0.2

 

Ceramics, Pottery, Glass Reference
temperature
[℃]		 Density
[g/cm3]		 Specific
heat
[J/g ℃]		 Thermal
conductivity
[W/m K]
Alumina ceramics 99.7% 20 3.9 0.8 29
Alumina ceramics 93% 20 3.6 0.8 16
Forsterite ceramics 20 2.8 0.88 3.3
Steatite ceramics 20 2.7 0.84 2.5
Porcelain (porcelain) 200 0.8 0.15
Porcelain insulator 20~100 2.4 0.8 1.4
Pottery 20 2.2-2.5 1.05 1-1.6
Glass (plate) 20 2.7 0.84 0.76
Glass (Thermometers) 20 2.59 0.8 0.95
Quartz glass 20 2.21 0.71 1.35
Soda glass 20 2.59 0.75 0.74
Flint glass 20 3.15-3.9 0.5 0.6

 

Material-Other Reference
temperature
[℃]		 Density
[g/cm3]		 Specific
heat
[J/g ℃]		 Thermal
conductivity
[W/m K]
Asphalt 20 2.12 0.92 0.74
Al foil 40 0.0032 1 0.043
Cellular glass 0 0.17 0.71 0.043
Mica 50 1.9-2.3 0.88 0.5
Granite 20 2.6-2.9 0.84 3.8
Talc 100 2.8 1.05-1.22 1.7-4
Talc (powder) 100 1.08 1.3 0.29
Kapok 20 0.014 1.34 0.035
Glass wool 20 0.2 0.67 0.039
Rock wool 20 0.18 0.84 0.036
Silk 0 0.1 1.38 0.046
Diatomaceous earth (Water batter after drying) 0 0.44 0.84 0.076
Diatomaceous earth (Firing, coarse powder) 50 0.32 0.84 0.062
Ice 0 0.92 2.04 2.2
Coke powder 20 1 1.21 0.19
Concrete 20 1.9-2.3 0.88 0.8-1.4
Slug cotton 30 0.2 0.75 0.04
Coal 20 1.2-1.5 1.26 0.26
Powdered coal 30 0.74 1.3 0.12
Celluloid 30 1.4 1.3 0.21
Limestone 20 1.65 0.92 0.93
Gypsum 20 1.25 1.05 0.43
Marble 20 2.5-2.7 0.81 2.8
85% carbonate magnesia 10~100 0.216 1.17 0.06
Sandbag (Soil standard containing gravel) 20 2 1.84 0.52
Sandbag (clay) 20 1.46 0.88 1.28
Bakelite 20 1.27 1.59 0.23
Pine 30 0.377 2.09-2.93 0.105
Charcoal 80 0.2 0.84 0.074
Cotton 30 0.081 1.3 0.055
Chamotte brick 200 1.7-2 0.84-0.96 0.39-0.58
Silica brick 200 1.5-1.9 0.92-1.0 0.54-1.1

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