4-1.The air and the nitrogen

The air and the nitrogen

Check the performance of the air and nitrogen as the medium to be used in the hot-air drying.

4-1-1.The role of air

Air at room temperature, the atmospheric pressure will behave as a nearly ideal gas.
Density of air ρ [kg / m3] at t [℃], atmospheric pressure P [atm], the water vapor pressure e [atm] ,

The role of air

The advantages and the disadvantages of the air used for hot air heating.

◎ Low cost
◎ Safe into leaks from pipes
◎ Warm the material as a heat source
◎ Reduce the gas boundary layer membrane
◎ Convey the water vapor (carrier gas)
○ Includes several percent water vapor, the effect of water vapor is a positive effect on the direction of air in the normal environment.
○ Oxygen is combined with the aluminum components of the heating coil, acting on the extension of the life of the coil to form a corrosion-resistant coating on the surface.
× Air includes oxygen, which increase oxidation at high temperatures.

4-1-2.The role of nitrogen

The advantages and the disadvantages of the nitorogen used for hot wind heating.

◎ Warm the material as a heat source
◎ Oxygen-free environment is prevent the fire.
◎ Oxygen-free environment is prevent oxidation.
◎ Non-vapor environment is prevent the hydroxyl group or prevent hydrolysis.
◎ Reduce the gas boundary layer membrane
◎ Convey the water vapor (carrier gas)
○ Nitrogen is a relatively safe even if leakage.
× Heating efficiency will be lower by the difference between the room temperature if it to vaporize the liquid nitrogen.
× It is not forming a corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the heating coil because there is no oxygen, the life of the coil will be shorter as compared to the air

Since nitrogen is non-oxygen, it suits dryness of the inflammable substance containing a solvent.

4-1-3.Density of air

When the air define gas as 4 nitrogen and 1 oxygen, so nitrogen molecular weight 28 and oxygen molecular weight 32, the molecular weight of the air will be 28.8.

Calculation for determining the density of air ( Pressure 1atm, Room temperature 20 ℃ )

Pressure p = 1atm = 101.3×10 ^ 5Pa
Temperature t = 273 + C
Air V = 1m ^ 3
Number of moles n = mol
Gas constant R = 8.31J / mol · K
Ideal gas equation = pV = nRT
Density of air ρ =

n = pV/RT = 1.103x10^5Pa x 1m^3 / 8.31J/mol・K x (273+20)K = 41.6mol

ρ= (28.8 x 41.6)g/m^3 = 1200g/m^3 = 1.2g/ℓ

4-1-4.Characteristics List

Constituents of air

ComponentChemical formulaVolume ratio percentageMass ratioGaseous densitySpecific gravity
NitrogenN278.0840.755200001.2511.105
OxygenO220.94760.231500001.4290.967
ArgonAr0.9340.012800001.781.38
Carbon dioxideCO20.0390.000460001.9771.54
NeonNe0.0018180.000012000.90020.69
HeliumHe0.0005240.000000720.17850.13
MethaneCH40.000181
KryptonKr0.000114
Sulfur dioxideSO20.0001
HydrogenH20.00005
Dinitrogen monoxideN2O0.000032
XenonXe0.0000087
OzoneO30.000007
Nitrogen dioxideNO20.000002
IodineI20.000001

Outline air composition

ComponentChemical formulaVolume ratio percentageMass ratio
NitrogenN20.790.768
OxygenO20.210.232

Characteristics of the constituents of the air

ComponentVan der Waals constantMolecular weightGas constantSpecific heat at constant pressureSpecific heat at constant volumeSpecific heat ratio
 a / Pa m6 mol−2b / m3 mol−1g/molR (J/g・K)Cp (J/g・K)Cv (J/g・K)γ
Air135 × 10−336.6 × 10−628.9670.287031.0050.7181.399
Nitrogen(N2)141 × 10−339.2 × 10−628.0130.296801.0390.7431.399
Oxygen(O2)138 × 10−331.9 × 10−631.9990.259840.9140.6541.398
Water vapor (H2O)553 × 10−333.0 × 10−618.0150.461524.1863.1471.33
Helium(He)3.45 × 10−323.8 × 10−64.0032.077275.2403.161.66
Argon (Ar)136 × 10−332.2 × 10−639.9480.208130.5230.321.68
Hydrogen(H2)24.8 × 10−326.7 × 10−62.0164.1244914.25010.121.408
Carbon monoxide(CO)151 × 10−340.0 × 10−628.0100.296841.0410.741.4
Carbon dioxide(CO2)365 × 10−342.8 × 10−644.0100.188920.8190.631.3
Ammonia(NH3)422 × 10−337.1 × 10−617.0310.488212.0601.571.31
Methane(CH4)238 × 10−342.8 × 10−616.0420.518282.1601.631.32
*0℃/1atm
The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Kelvin.

The characteristics of the air

Temperature conditionsDensitySpecific heat at constant pressureCoefficient of viscosityKinematic viscosityThermal conductivityThermal diffusivityPrandtl number
TρCpηνλαPr
Kkg/m3kJ/(kg・K)μPa・smm2/smW/(m・K)mm2/s
1003.61091.0727.11.979.222.380.826
2001.76791.00913.47.5818.110.150.747
3001.17631.00718.6215.8326.1422.070.717
4000.88181.01523.2726.3933.0536.930.715
5000.70531.03127.2128.5839.5154.330.71
6000.58781.05230.7852.3645.673.70.71
7000.50381.07634.167.751.394.60.715
8000.44081.09937.2384.556.91170.719
9000.39181.12240.22102.762.51420.722
10000.35271.14243.08122.167.21670.732
11000.32061.1645.8414371.71930.742

 

Guide to the Optimal Heater

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