Thermoplastic resin is a solid polymer of one-dimensional structure (a set of polymer of linear structure), it is melted on heating and cooling will be solid.

Even the glass-transition temperature or the melting point is softened by heating, it is resin that can be molded into the shape of purpose.
In general, thermoplastic resins are often difficult to machining such as cutting and grinding, is pushed into a mold where it is heated softens, and cooled and solidified is then optionally injection molding is widely used to a final products.

Those who overcome the difficulty of cutting and machining is the “Engineering plastics”.

When resin is being heated, thermal motion of the molecules will be extensively, and molecular entanglement is loose.
As a result, the softer the polymer solid, it becomes a viscous liquid.

When heated more strongly, and then vaporized falling apart each molecule of polymer is made from carbon and hydrogen (pyrolysis).
The vaporization in order to be a high molecular weight and requires a considerable amount of heat.
And heated to just before the thermal decomposition occurs, pushing into the mold in a liquid state, it is the principle of molding a thermoplastic resin that is molded by cooling.

Becomes soft and heated, entitled “Thermoplastic resin” was born in the sense that the resin that can be freely formable state (plastic).
When the linear polymer added to the solvent and entangled polymer is loosened, the solvent molecules will melt coordinated around the polymer.
What kind of solvent is well coordinated (dissolution) is, is determined by the nature of the molecule and the solvent constituting the polymer.
Such thermoplastic linear polymer resin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyethylene.

Non-crystalline resin

Such as polystyrene, poly methyl methacrylate, polycarbonate is a non-crystalline, it also referred to as amorphous.
Polyvinyl chloride contains a fine crystal part, but as a whole I indicates the nature close to the non-crystalline.
Non-crystalline resin in the boundary of the glass transition temperature, and shows the hard glass state brittle at the low temperature side, and exhibits a soft, rubber-like properties at the high temperature side, the operating temperature in practical use is important.

Crystalline resin

Even though the crystalline resin, resin for only exist also non-crystalline regions without crystallization in part, but there are big what change in the nature in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature, otherwise, it has been relatively stable .

When cooled from a molten state, and then grow as spherulites folded radially from the crystal nuclei precipitated in the beginning.
Natural rays and spherulite increases will be opaque.
The bottle of polyethylene is opaque because its.

Since the size of the spherulites to affect the physical properties, it is important to align the spherulites by skillfully managing the cooling rate at the time of molding.

Crystalline resin to produce fine crystals of the the cell is oriented bundle by stretching, and the further heat treatment to align the crystals, it is heat resistant good resin with high strength.
This technology has been used in synthetic fibers and stretched film.
The degree of crystallinity of the resin can be easily measured by X-ray.

Crystalline and molecular weight and molecular weight distribution

Molecules of the synthetic resin is a mixture of different congeners of molecular weight.
Synthetic method according to statistical rules, the molecular weight being displayed is the average molecular weight.
That mean we have means that molecular weight of various sizes are distributed.
Polydispersity There is a flexible non-crystalline as those of the wide.
The magnitude and degree of crystallinity of the molecular weight will determine the physical properties.
There is a certain degree of crystallinity, the resin molecular weight is large is tough.
However, it is no longer suitable for practical use becomes poor mold ability it exceeds the limit.

Thermal properties of the thermoplastic resin (typical)

Non-crystalline resin name	Symbol	Density [g/cm3]	Specific heat [J/g ℃]	Thermal conductivity [W/m K]	Heat distortion temp. ℃	Tg ℃	Tm ℃	Molding temp. ℃
Polystyrene	PS	1.04-1.07	1.34	0.10-0.14	76-94	100-105	240	170-260
Polyvinyl chloride (hard)	PVC	1.35-1.58	0.84-1.17	0.13-0.29	60-76	72-105	170-210	150-210
Polyvinyl chloride (soft)	PVC	1.16-1.35	1.26-2.09	0.13-0.17	–	75-105	147	160-200
Acrylic resin	PMMA	1.17-1.20	1.47	0.17-0.25	124-136	100	95-105	170-270
Styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene	ABS	1.03-1.08	1.38-1.67	0.19-0.36	96-102	80-110	100-125	180-270
Styrene-Akurirunitoru resin	AS	1.08-1.10	1.39	0.125	88-104	110	115	190-320
Crystalline resin name	Symbol	Density [g/cm3]	Specific heat [J/g ℃]	Thermal conductivity [W/m K]	Heat distortion temp. ℃	Tg ℃	Tm ℃	Molding temp. ℃
Polyethylene (low density)	LDPE	0.92	2.3	0.33	70-105	-120	108-122	150-270
Polyethylene (high density)	HDPE	0.96	2.3	0.46-0.50	125-127	-122	120-140	200-300
Polypropylene	PP	0.90-0.91	1.93	0.125	49-60	-10	168-180	180-280
Polyethylene terephthalate	PET	1.47-1.67	1.26	0.31	240	69	260	180-260
Polyester	PE	1.39	2.3	0.15	50-85	67-81	141	180-260
Polyvinyl alcohol	PVA	1.21-1.31	1.681	0.2	40-80	58-85	200	280-300
Polyvinylidene chloride	PVDC	11.65-1.72	1.344	0.125	54-66	87	210	149-205

Tg:Glass transition point
Tm:Melting point